Which class of drugs is known to induce hyperglycemia?

Glucocorticoids are a class of drugs known to induce hyperglycemia as a side effect. These corticosteroids, which include medications such as prednisone and dexamethasone, can increase blood glucose levels through several mechanisms. They promote gluconeogenesis, which is the liver's process of generating glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. Additionally, glucocorticoids can impair the action of insulin, reducing its effectiveness in regulating blood sugar levels. As a result, patients taking glucocorticoids may experience elevated blood glucose levels, particularly if they have conditions like diabetes or are predisposed to hyperglycemia.

In contrast, sulfonylureas are designed to lower blood glucose levels by stimulating insulin secretion from the pancreas. Beta-blockers primarily affect heart rate and blood pressure; while they can cause some metabolic effects, they are not primarily known to induce hyperglycemia. Biguanides, such as metformin, are used to reduce blood sugar levels by increasing insulin sensitivity and decreasing hepatic glucose production. Therefore, glucocorticoids are the correct answer when identifying a class of drugs known for inducing hyperglycemia.