How do allergies differ from adverse drug reactions (ADRs)?

Allergies are specifically characterized as immune responses that occur when the body's immune system reacts to a substance, known as an allergen, as if it were a harmful invader. This reaction can manifest in various ways, such as hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, or even anaphylaxis, depending on the severity of the allergy and the individual’s sensitivity.

On the other hand, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) refer to any undesirable effects caused by the use of a medication. ADRs can arise from a wide variety of mechanisms, including non-immune-related events, and they may involve side effects that can range from mild (like nausea or drowsiness) to severe (such as liver damage or cardiovascular issues). This broad definition of ADRs includes both immune-mediated reactions and those that do not involve the immune system, which is a key distinction from allergies.

The other choices do not accurately reflect the fundamental differences between these two concepts. For instance, while some allergies may be severe, not all ADRs are mild, and ADRs can be associated with any medication, not just prescription drugs. Moreover, not all allergic reactions can be treated with any medication, as treatment often requires specific interventions, such as antihistamines or corticosteroids